Myopia management refers to a set of strategies and treatments aimed at controlling and slowing down the progression of myopia, commonly known as nearsightedness. Myopia is a common refractive error where distant objects appear blurry while close objects are seen clearly.
Several approaches are used in myopia management, and the choice of method depends on factors such as the patient's age, the severity of myopia, and individual eye health. Some common strategies include:
Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments (DIMS) lenses: These specialised lenses aim to influence the growth of the eye and slow down the progression of myopia. DIMS lenses are designed to provide clear central vision while intentionally creating areas of defocus in the peripheral visual field. Research suggests that manipulating peripheral defocus may influence the axial growth of the eye, which is a key factor in myopia progression. As with other myopia management approaches, the use of DIMS lenses requires regular monitoring by an eye care professional.
Orthokeratology (Ortho-K): This involves the use of specially designed rigid gas-permeable contact lenses that are worn overnight. These lenses reshape the cornea while the person sleeps, providing clear vision during the day without the need for glasses or contact lenses. Ortho-K has been shown to slow down myopia progression.
Multifocal Contact Lenses: These lenses have different prescriptions in different zones, allowing for clear vision at various distances. Multifocal contact lenses have been found to be effective in slowing down myopia progression, particularly in children.
Atropine Eye Drops: Low-dose atropine eye drops have been used to control myopia progression. Atropine is a medication that temporarily relaxes the eye's focusing mechanism. Recent studies have shown that low concentrations of atropine can be effective in slowing down myopia progression with minimal side effects.
Bifocal or Multifocal Eyeglasses: These glasses have different prescriptions for distance and near vision. Some studies suggest that using multifocal glasses may slow down myopia progression in certain individuals.
Outdoor Activities: Encouraging increased time spent outdoors has been associated with a reduced risk of myopia development and progression, especially in children.
Myopia management is crucial because high levels of myopia are associated with an increased risk of eye diseases such as retinal detachment, glaucoma, and myopic macular degeneration. By implementing these management strategies, optometrists aim to not only correct vision but also to slow down the progression of myopia and reduce the associated risks. Regular eye exams are essential for monitoring the effectiveness of myopia management and adjusting the treatment plan as needed.